MySQL 常用命令

用户管理

创建普通用户

创建普通用户,并完全授权访问特定的数据库,且允许远程登录

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create user 'uatOption'@'%' identified by '123456';

grant all privileges on mysql_db.* to 'uatOption'@'%';

flush privileges;

提示

  1. 若希望不允许用户远程登录,可以使用 grant all privileges on mysql_db.* to 'uatOption'@'localhost' 命令。
  2. 若希望授权远程访问所有数据库,可以使用 grant all privileges on *.* to 'uatOption'@'%',但这会增加数据库被攻击的风险。

创建只读用户

创建普通用户,并授予特定数据库的只读权限,且允许远程登录

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create user 'uatOption'@'%' identified by '123456';

grant select on mysql_db.* to 'uatOption'@'%' identified by '123456';

flush privileges;

查询所有用户

查询数据库中的所有用户,请确保拥有 mysql.user 表的操作权限。

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select user,host from mysql.user;
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+---------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+---------------+-----------+
| root | % |
| uatOption | % |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+

删除特定用户

删除特定用户及其拥有的权限

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drop user 'uatOption'@'%';

权限管理

查询用户的登录权限

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select user, host from mysql.user where user = 'uatOption';
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+-----------+------+
| user | host |
+-----------+------+
| uatOption | % |
+-----------+------+

查看用户的数据库权限

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show grants for 'uatOption'@'%';
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+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for uatOption@% |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'uatOption'@'%' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test_demo_1`.* TO 'uatOption'@'%' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test_demo_2`.* TO 'uatOption'@'%' |
+------------------------------------------------------------+

查看用户详细的数据库权限

查询特定用户在每一个数据库的每一个对象上的全部权限。

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select * from information_schema.user_privileges where GRANTEE = "'root'@'%'";
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+------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+
| GRANTEE | TABLE_CATALOG | PRIVILEGE_TYPE | IS_GRANTABLE |
+------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+
| 'root'@'%' | def | SELECT | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | INSERT | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | UPDATE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | DELETE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | DROP | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | RELOAD | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | PROCESS | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | FILE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | REFERENCES | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | INDEX | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | ALTER | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | SUPER | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | EXECUTE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE USER | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | EVENT | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | TRIGGER | YES |
| 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES |
+------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+

授权用户远程登录的权限

下述命令用于授权 root 用户远程登录的权限,其中 *.* 代表所有数据库所有权限,'root'@'%' 中的 root 代表用户名,% 代表所有的来源 IP 地址,123456 是登录密码。

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grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;

flush privileges;