Seata 入门教程 - 实战篇（电商）

发表于 2020-12-30 阅读次数：评论数：本文字数： 4.6k 阅读时长 ≈ 4 分钟

上篇 - Seata 入门教程（基础篇）

Seata 入门教程 - 基础篇

1、前言

本案例使用的是 Seata 的 AT 模式
由于篇幅有限，本案例只给出各个模块的核心代码和配置，点击下载完整的案例代码（简版）
为了方便演示，本案例只使用 Nacos 作为注册中心，不使用 Nacos 作为配置中心，即使用 file.conf 配置文件来存储 TC（Seata Server）相关的配置信息
最新发布的内容，已追加 TC（Seata Server）整合 Nacos 作为配置中心的教程，点击下载完整的案例代码（配置中心版）

1.1、版本说明

MySQL 5.7
Nacos Server 1.4.0
Seata Server 1.4.0
Spring Boot 2.3.2.RELEASE
Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR8
Spring Cloud Alibaba 2.2.3.RELEASE

特别注意：Spring Boot 和 Spring Cloud 以及 Spring Cloud Alibaba 的版本号需要互相对应，否则可能会存在各种问题，具体可以参考官方的版本说明

1.2、案例目标

本案例将会创建三个服务，分别是订单服务、库存服务、账户服务，各服务之间的调用流程如下：

1）当用户下单时，调用订单服务创建一个订单，然后通过远程调用（OpenFeign）让库存服务扣减下单商品的库存
2）订单服务再通过远程调用（OpenFeign）让账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额
3）最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成

上述操作跨越了三个数据库，有两次远程调用，很明显会有分布式事务的问题，项目的整体结构如下：

seata-transaction-demo
├── seata-common-api          # API模块
├── seata-account-service     # 账户模块，端口：2002
├── seata-storage-service     # 库存模块，端口：2000
└── seata-order-service       # 订单模块，端口：2001

1.3、Seata 分布式交易解决方案

seata-distributed-transaction-solution

2、准备工作

2.1、初始化数据库

本案例使用 MySQL 数据库来存储 Seata Server（TC）的全局事务会话信息，因此需要执行 SQL 初始化脚本来创建本案例需要的 Seata 数据库、对应的业务库与业务表。由于 Seata 的 SEATA、AT 模式均需要用到 UNDO_LOG 回滚日志表，因此在每个业务数据库里都要单独创建 UNDO_LOG 回滚日志表，最终所有用到的数据库和业务表如下图所示：

seata-demo-databases

2.2、Nacos 创建命名空间

在 Nacos 的控制台创建新的命名空间，后面会将命名空间写在 registry.confg 配置文件中，让 Seata Server 将自身的服务注册到 Nacos

seata-nacos-create-namespace

3、配置 Seata Server

3.1、创建 file.conf

file.conf 是 Seata Server（TC）的配置文件，用于指定 TC 的相关配置，核心配置如下：

service {
  vgroupMapping.seata-order-service-tx-group = "default"
  vgroupMapping.seata-storage-service-tx-group = "default"
  vgroupMapping.seata-account-service-tx-group = "default"
}

store {
  mode = "db"

  db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp)/HikariDataSource(hikari) etc.
    datasource = "druid"
    ## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
    dbType = "mysql"
    driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
    url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false"
    user = "root"
    password = "123456"
    minConn = 5
    maxConn = 100
    globalTable = "global_table"
    branchTable = "branch_table"
    lockTable = "lock_table"
    queryLimit = 100
    maxWait = 5000
  }
}

★file.conf 完整配置★

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transport {
  # tcp udt unix-domain-socket
  type = "TCP"
  #NIO NATIVE
  server = "NIO"
  #enable heartbeat
  heartbeat = true
  #thread factory for netty
  thread-factory {
    boss-thread-prefix = "NettyBoss"
    worker-thread-prefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
    server-executor-thread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
    share-boss-worker = false
    client-selector-thread-prefix = "NettyClientSelector"
    client-selector-thread-size = 1
    client-worker-thread-prefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
    # netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
    boss-thread-size = 1
    #auto default pin or 8
    worker-thread-size = 8
  }
  shutdown {
    # when destroy server, wait seconds
    wait = 3
  }
  serialization = "seata"
  compressor = "none"
}

service {
  vgroupMapping.seata-order-service-tx-group = "default"
  vgroupMapping.seata-storage-service-tx-group = "default"
  vgroupMapping.seata-account-service-tx-group = "default"
  default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
  enableDegrade = false
  disable = false
  max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
  max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
  disableGlobalTransaction = false
}

client {
  async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
  lock {
    retry.internal = 10
    retry.times = 30
  }
  report.retry.count = 5
  tm.commit.retry.count = 1
  tm.rollback.retry.count = 1
}

## transaction log store, only used in seata-server
store {
  ## store mode: file、db、redis
  mode = "db"

  ## file store property
  file {
    ## store location dir
    dir = "sessionStore"
    # branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
    maxBranchSessionSize = 16384
    # globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
    maxGlobalSessionSize = 512
    # file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
    fileWriteBufferCacheSize = 16384
    # when recover batch read size
    sessionReloadReadSize = 100
    # async, sync
    flushDiskMode = async
  }

  ## database store property
  db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp)/HikariDataSource(hikari) etc.
    datasource = "druid"
    ## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
    dbType = "mysql"
    driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
    url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false"
    user = "root"
    password = "123456"
    minConn = 5
    maxConn = 100
    globalTable = "global_table"
    branchTable = "branch_table"
    lockTable = "lock_table"
    queryLimit = 100
    maxWait = 5000
  }

  ## redis store property
  redis {
    host = "127.0.0.1"
    port = "6379"
    password = ""
    database = "0"
    minConn = 1
    maxConn = 10
    maxTotal = 100
    queryLimit = 100
  }
}

lock {
  ## the lock store mode: local、remote
  mode = "remote"

  local {
    ## store locks in user's database
  }

  remote {
    ## store locks in the seata's server
  }
}

recovery {
  #schedule committing retry period in milliseconds
  committing-retry-period = 1000
  #schedule asyn committing retry period in milliseconds
  asyn-committing-retry-period = 1000
  #schedule rollbacking retry period in milliseconds
  rollbacking-retry-period = 1000
  #schedule timeout retry period in milliseconds
  timeout-retry-period = 1000
}

transaction {
  undo.data.validation = true
  undo.log.serialization = "jackson"
  undo.log.save.days = 7
  #schedule delete expired undo_log in milliseconds
  undo.log.delete.period = 86400000
  undo.log.table = "undo_log"
}

## metrics settings
metrics {
  enabled = false
  registry-type = "compact"
  # multi exporters use comma divided
  exporter-list = "prometheus"
  exporter-prometheus-port = 9898
}

support {
  ## spring
  spring {
    # auto proxy the DataSource bean
    datasource.autoproxy = false
  }
}

3.2、创建 registry.conf

registry.conf 用于指定 TC 的注册中心和 TC 的配置文件，这里使用 Nacos 作为注册中心，但 TC 的配置信息直接从 file.conf 配置文件中读取，核心配置如下：

registry {
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    group = "seata_demo"
    namespace = "ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d"
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
}

config {
  type = "file"

  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

★registry.conf 完整配置★

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registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    group = "seata_demo"
    namespace = "ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d"
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = 0
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = 0
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "file"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    appId = "seata-server"
    apolloMeta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
    namespace = "application"
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

3.3、拷贝配置文件

1）将上面的 file.conf、registry.conf 配置文件拷贝到 Seata Server 的 conf 目录下，直接覆盖原有的配置文件即可
2）由于本案例没有使用配置中心，因此还需要将上面的 file.conf 配置文件拷贝到每个 Maven 子工程的 src/main/resource 目录下

4、创建 Maven 父工程

创建 Maven 父工程，配置好工程需要的父级依赖，目的是为了更方便管理与简化配置，项目整体结构如下：

★父工程的 Maven 配置★

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<groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-transaction-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>

<modules>
    <module>seata-common-api</module>
    <module>seata-order-service</module>
    <module>seata-storage-service</module>
    <module>seata-account-service</module>
</modules>

<!-- 统一管理版本 -->
<properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <mysql.version>8.0.21</mysql.version>
    <spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring.cloud.version>
    <spring.boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
    <spring.cloud.alibaba>2.2.3.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba>
    <seata.spring.boot.version>1.4.0</seata.spring.boot.version>
    <druid.spring.boot.version>1.2.4</druid.spring.boot.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>2.1.3</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!--spring boot-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring cloud-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring cloud alibaba-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--druid-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${druid.spring.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--log4j-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

5、创建订单工程

5.1、创建 pom.xml

★订单工程的 Maven 配置★

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<parent>
    <groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>seata-transaction-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <!--seata-common-api-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-common-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--nacos config-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--nacos discovery-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--seata-->
    <dependency>
        <!-- 阿里巴巴已经集成服务间调用X-id的传递，包括FeignClient的重写，如果在之前自定义封装过Feign，注意两者之间的冲突-->
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <!--去除默认依赖的版本-->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 指定Seata的版本，需要与Seata服务端的版本保持一致-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${seata.spring.boot.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--openfeign-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--web-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--actuator-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--druid-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--mybatis-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

5.2、创建 bootstrap.yml

Seata 1.1.0 版本之后客户端已经支持用 YAML 文件替代 xxxx.conf 文件。以下 bootstrap.yml 由于添加了 seata.registry 来配置 Seata Server 所使用的注册中心，因此不再需要拷贝 Seata Server 的 registry.conf 配置文件拷到每个 Maven 子工程的 src/main/resource 目录下。

特别注意：bootstrap.yml 中的 Seata 配置项，必须严格与 Seata Server 的 registry.conf、file.conf 的配置一致，否则会导致应用启动后无法正常连接 Seata Server

seata.registry.nacos.group 必须与 Seata Server 的 registry.conf 中的 registry.nacos.group 一致
seata.registry.nacos.namespace 必须与 Seata Server 的 registry.conf 中的 registry.nacos.namespace 一致
seata.registry.nacos.server-addr 必须与 Seata Server 的 registry.conf 中的 registry.nacos.serverAddr 一致
seata.registry.nacos.application 必须与 Seata Server 的 registry.conf 中的 registry.nacos.application 一致
seata.tx-service-group 必须与 Seata Server 的 file.conf 中的 service.vgroupMapping.xxxx = "default" 的 xxxx 一致
在 file.conf 里，service.vgroupMapping.xxxx = "default" 支持配置多个，对应的就是多个微服务应用

nacos:
  # Nacos的地址
  server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
  # Nacos的命名空间
  namespace: ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d
  # Nacos的配置分组
  group: seata_demo
  # Seata Server的配置
  seata:
    application: seata-server
    tx-service-group: seata-order-service-tx-group

####### 以上是自定义配置中心和注册中心的共同属性，方便其他地方直接引用 #######

server:
  port: 2001

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-order-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
        namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
        group: ${nacos.group}
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_order?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath*:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.seata.study.domain

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: ${spring.application.name}
  tx-service-group: ${nacos.seata.tx-service-group}
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: false
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: ${nacos.seata.application}
      server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
      namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
      group: ${nacos.group}
      username: ""
      password: ""
  config:
    type: file

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: false

logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info

5.3、注入代理数据源

Seata 通过代理数据源的方式实现分支事务，其中 MyBatis 和 JPA 都需要注入 io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy, 不同的是，MyBatis 还需要额外注入 org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory。在 Spring Boot Seata Starter 2.2.0.RELEASE 及以后版本，代理数据源的注入 Seata 已经自动实现了，即不需要再手动去配置。若希望 Seata 自动注入代理数据源，需要在工程里的 file.conf 配置文件添加 support.spring.datasource.autoproxy=true，手动实现的方式如下：

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    @Value("${mybatis.type-aliases-package}")
    private String typeAliasesPackage;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage(typeAliasesPackage);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }
}

5.4、添加全局事务注解

在订单创建的入口方法上面添加 @GlobalTransactional 来控制分布式事务，这里使用 OpenFeign 去调用库存服务和账户服务的接口

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Resource
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;

    @Resource
    private AccountClient accountClient;

    @Resource
    private StorageClient storageClient;

    @Override
    @GlobalTransactional(name = "create-order", rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public CommonResult createOrder(Order order) {
        // 创建订单
        orderMapper.create(order);
        // 扣减商品库存
        storageClient.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
        // 扣减账户余额
        accountClient.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
        //更新订单状态
        orderMapper.update(order.getId(), OrderStatus.FINISHED.getValue());
        return new CommonResult();
    }
}

5.5、创建主启动类

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

6、创建库存工程

6.1、创建 pom.xml

★库存工程的 Maven 配置★

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<parent>
    <groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>seata-transaction-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <!--seata-common-api-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-common-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--nacos config-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--nacos discovery-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--seata-->
    <dependency>
        <!-- 阿里巴巴已经集成服务间调用X-id的传递，包括FeignClient的重写，如果在之前自定义封装过Feign，注意两者之间的冲突-->
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <!--去除默认依赖的版本-->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 指定Seata的版本，需要与Seata服务端的版本保持一致-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${seata.spring.boot.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--openfeign-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--web-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--actuator-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--druid-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--mybatis-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

6.2、创建 bootstrap.yml

nacos:
  # Nacos的地址
  server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
  # Nacos的命名空间
  namespace:ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d
  # Nacos的配置分组
  group: seata_demo
  # Seata Server的配置
  seata:
    application: seata-server
    tx-service-group: seata-storage-service-tx-group

####### 以上是自定义配置中心和注册中心的共同属性，方便其他地方直接引用 #######

server:
  port: 2000

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-storage-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
        namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
        group: ${nacos.group}
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_storage?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath*:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.seata.study.domain

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: ${spring.application.name}
  tx-service-group: ${nacos.seata.tx-service-group}
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: false
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: ${nacos.seata.application}
      server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
      namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
      group: ${nacos.group}
      username: ""
      password: ""
  config:
    type: file

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: false

logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info

6.3、注入代理数据源

★代理数据源注入代码★

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@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    @Value("${mybatis.type-aliases-package}")
    private String typeAliasesPackage;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage(typeAliasesPackage);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }
}

6.4、创建业务处理类

@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {

    @Resource
    private StorageMapper storageMapper;

    @Override
    public CommonResult decrease(Long productId, Long count) {
        Storage storage = storageMapper.findByProduct(productId);
        Long total = storage.getTotal();
        Long used = storage.getUsed();
        Long residue = storage.getResidue();
        // 校验参数
        if (count == null || count <= 0) {
            return new CommonResult(SystemCode.ERROR_PARAMETER);
        }
        // 判断库存是否足够
        if (count > residue) {
            return new CommonResult(SystemCode.STORAGE_NOT_ENOUGH);
        }
        // 扣减库存
        storage.setUsed(used + count);
        storage.setResidue(residue - count);
        storageMapper.update(storage);
        return new CommonResult();
    }
}

6.5、创建启动主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class StorageApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StorageApplication.class, args);
    }
}

7、创建账户工程

7.1、创建 pom.xml

★账户工程的 Maven 配置★

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<parent>
    <groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>seata-transaction-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <!--seata-common-api-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.seata.study</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-common-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--nacos config-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--nacos discovery-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--seata-->
    <dependency>
        <!-- 阿里巴巴已经集成服务间调用X-id的传递，包括FeignClient的重写，如果在之前自定义封装过Feign，注意两者之间的冲突-->
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <!--去除默认依赖的版本-->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 指定Seata的版本，需要与Seata服务端的版本保持一致-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${seata.spring.boot.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--openfeign-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--web-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--actuator-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--druid-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--mybatis-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

7.2、创建 bootstrap.yml

nacos:
  # Nacos的地址
  server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
  # Nacos的命名空间
  namespace:ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d
  # Nacos的配置分组
  group: seata_demo
  # Seata Server的配置
  seata:
    application: seata-server
    tx-service-group: seata-account-service-tx-group

####### 以上是自定义配置中心和注册中心的共同属性，方便其他地方直接引用 #######

server:
  port: 2002

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-account-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
        namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
        group: ${nacos.group}
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_account?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath*:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.seata.study.domain

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: ${spring.application.name}
  tx-service-group: ${nacos.seata.tx-service-group}
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: false
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: ${nacos.seata.application}
      server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
      namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
      group: ${nacos.group}
      username: ""
      password: ""
  config:
    type: file

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: false

logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info

7.3、注入代理数据源

★代理数据源注入代码★

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@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    @Value("${mybatis.type-aliases-package}")
    private String typeAliasesPackage;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage(typeAliasesPackage);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }
}

7.4、创建业务处理类

这里添加了模拟账户业务处理超时的代码，延时时间为 10 秒。因为 OpenFeign 的默认超时时间为 1 秒，所以当订单服务远程调用账户服务来扣减账户余额时，会抛出请求超时的异常，这时就可以测试全局事务注解 @GlobalTransactional 是否生效了。若 @GlobalTransactional 生效，当订单服务的远程调用抛出请求超时的异常后，账户数据库里对应的账户余额不会被修改；若账户余额被修改了，则说明 @GlobalTransactional 没有生效。

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    @Resource
    private AccountMapper accountMapper;

    @Override
    public CommonResult decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
        Account account = accountMapper.findByUser(userId);
        BigDecimal total = account.getTotal();
        BigDecimal used = account.getUsed();
        BigDecimal residue = account.getResidue();
        // 模拟业务处理超时
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 校验参数
        if (money == null || money.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 1) {
            return new CommonResult(SystemCode.ERROR_PARAMETER);
        }
        // 判断余额是否足够
        if (money.compareTo(residue) == 1) {
            return new CommonResult(SystemCode.ACCOUNT_NOT_ENOUGH);
        }
        //
        // 扣减余额
        account.setUsed(account.getUsed().add(money));
        account.setResidue(account.getResidue().subtract(money));
        accountMapper.update(account);
        return new CommonResult();
    }
}

7.5、创建主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class AccountApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AccountApplication.class, args);
    }
}

8、测试项目代码

1）首先启动 MySQL Server、Nacos Server、Seata Server，并按照上文介绍的准备工作进行初始化
2）分别启动 seata-account-service、seata-storage-service、seata-order-service 服务
3）浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos 打开 Nacos 的控制台，各服务成功启动后，在 Nacos 的控制台里可以看到有多个服务已注册（如下图）

seata-nacos-services-register

4）观察不同数据库中的 seata_account.t_account、seata_storage.t_storage 业务表的数据，如下图：

seata-demo-db-data

5）浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:2001/order/create?userId=1&count=3&money=20&productId=1 调用订单创建接口，由于订单服务远程调用账户服务来扣减账户余额时，抛出了请求超时的异常，因此响应的 500 错误页面显示如下：

seata-demo-error-page

6）再观察不同数据库中的 seata_account.t_account、seata_storage.t_storage 业务表的数据是否发生了变更，若数据没有变更，则说明全局事务注解 @GlobalTransactional 生效了，否则注解没有生效
7）创建订单的接口被调用后，可以看到三个应用在控制台输出的日志如下：

★各微服务的日志信息★

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################## seata_order 服务的日志 #####################

java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out
	at java.base/java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:115) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:168) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:140) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.io.BufferedInputStream.fill(BufferedInputStream.java:252) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.io.BufferedInputStream.read1(BufferedInputStream.java:292) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java:351) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTPHeader(HttpClient.java:746) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTP(HttpClient.java:689) ~[na:na]
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################## seata_storage 服务的日志 #####################

[_RMROLE_1_2_144] i.s.c.r.p.c.RmBranchRollbackProcessor    : rm handle branch rollback process:xid=192.168.1.130:8091:86489181212647424,branchId=86489188837892097,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_storage,applicationData=null
[_RMROLE_1_2_144] io.seata.rm.AbstractRMHandler            : Branch Rollbacking: 192.168.1.130:8091:86489181212647424 86489188837892097 jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_storage
[_RMROLE_1_2_144] i.s.r.d.undo.AbstractUndoLogManager      : xid 192.168.1.130:8091:86489181212647424 branch 86489188837892097, undo_log deleted with GlobalFinished
[_RMROLE_1_2_144] io.seata.rm.AbstractRMHandler            : Branch Rollbacked result: PhaseTwo_Rollbacked
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################## seata_account 服务的日志 #####################

io.seata.core.exception.RmTransactionException: Response[ TransactionException[Could not found global transaction xid = 192.168.1.130:8091:86489181212647424, may be has finished.] ]
	at io.seata.rm.AbstractResourceManager.branchRegister(AbstractResourceManager.java:69) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.DefaultResourceManager.branchRegister(DefaultResourceManager.java:96) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy.register(ConnectionProxy.java:241) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy.processGlobalTransactionCommit(ConnectionProxy.java:219) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy.doCommit(ConnectionProxy.java:199) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy.lambda$commit$0(ConnectionProxy.java:184) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy$LockRetryPolicy.execute(ConnectionProxy.java:292) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]
	at io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy.commit(ConnectionProxy.java:183) ~[seata-all-1.4.0.jar:1.4.0]

9、Seata Server 整合 Nacos 配置中心

在上面的案例中，并没有使用 Nacos 配置中心来存储 TC（Seata Server）相关的配置信息，而是直接使用了 file.conf ，但在生产环境中一般极少采用这种方式。特别注意，当使用 Seata Server 使用 Nacos 作为配置中心后，Seata Server 启动时只需要依赖 registry.conf，即不再需要 file.conf。同时在 Spring Cloud 应用中不再需要依赖任何 file.conf、registry.conf，直接在 bootstrap.yml 里就可以完成 Seata 的所有配置。

9.1、配置 Seata Server 的 registry.conf

在 Seata Server 的 registry.conf 里，指定使用配置中心来存储 TC 的相关配置（如下）

registry {
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    group = "seata_demo"
    namespace = "ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d"
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
}

config {
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    namespace = "ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d"
    group = "seata_demo"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
}

9.2、导入配置信息到 Nacos 配置中心

Seata 官方提供了将配置信息（file.conf）批量导入到各种主流配置中心的 Shell 脚本，存放路径是在 Seata 源码目录下的 script/config-center 目录（如下）

script/config-center
├── apollo
│   └── apollo-config.sh
├── config.txt
├── consul
│   └── consul-config.sh
├── etcd3
│   └── etcd3-config.sh
├── nacos
│   ├── nacos-config.py
│   └── nacos-config.sh
├── README.md
└── zk
    └── zk-config.sh

其中 config.txt 为通用参数文件，包含了 Seata Server（TC）需要的所有配置信息，需要根据实际情况更改文件里的以下内容：

service.vgroupMapping.seata-order-service-tx-group=default
service.vgroupMapping.seata-storage-service-tx-group=default
service.vgroupMapping.seata-account-service-tx-group=default

store.mode=db
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123456

通用参数文件 config.txt 更改完成后，执行对应的 Shell 脚本将配置信息写入到配置中心即可。值得一提的是，config.txt 文件必须在 xxxx.sh 的上级目录里，而且 Shell 脚本可以重复执行多次。若使用 Nacos 作为配置中心，执行脚本时可以指定一些启动参数，如 Nacos 的 IP、端口号、命名空间、配置组等，Shell 脚本的具体使用方法可以查看官方说明文档

1 2	# 执行数据导入脚本 $ sh nacos-config.sh -h 127.0.0.1 -p 8848 -t ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d -g seata_demo

成功批量导入配置信息到 Nacos 后，控制台会输出如下提示：

=========================================================================
 Complete initialization parameters,  total-count:79 ,  failure-count:0
=========================================================================
 Init nacos config finished, please start seata-server.

访问 Nacos 的控制台，可以看到已经有对应的配置信息（如下）：

seata-inport-to-config-center-2

9.3、配置 Spring Cloud 项目

以订单模块为例，bootstrap.yml 的完整配置如下，此时订单模块的 src/main/resources 目录下不再需要存放 file.conf、registry.conf 配置文件

nacos:
  # Nacos的地址
  server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
  # Nacos的命名空间
  namespace: ee08c2b7-2b41-4e9d-aeae-aae35a8dbd1d
  # Nacos的配置分组
  group: seata_demo
  # Seata Server的配置
  seata:
    application: seata-server
    tx-service-group: seata-order-service-tx-group

####### 以上是自定义配置中心和注册中心的共同属性，方便其他地方直接引用 #######

server:
  port: 2001

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-order-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
        namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
        group: ${nacos.group}
      config:
        server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
        prefix: ${spring.application.name}
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
        group: ${nacos.group}

  # 以下配置内容均可以添加在Nacos配置中心
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_order?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath*:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.seata.study.domain

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: ${spring.application.name}
  tx-service-group: ${nacos.seata.tx-service-group}
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: false
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: ${nacos.seata.application}
      server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
      namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
      group: ${nacos.group}
      username: ""
      password: ""
  config:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: ${nacos.server-addr}
      namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
      group: ${nacos.group}
      username: ""
      password: ""

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: false

logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info